The Syllabus
Typography & Interaction
Fall ’25
Spring ’26
The New School, Parsons, MPS CD
PMCD 5001, CRN 4253/9023
PMCD 5002, CRN 3992/9589
65 West 11th Street, Room 464
Fridays, 9–11:40am
Course Description
#Fall
#This first semester will focus on a mastery of type and layout concepts on the web.
Typography is the infrastructure of communication in nearly any visual medium. It provides the very first shape and form to written content, and as designers, it is our responsibility to do this with intention and care. Whether towards goals of expression itself or in the service of ideas, the designer must understand type to use it successfully. In this way, we are stewards of meaning.
Digital design, the web in particular, is inextricably linked with typography—from the very letters of code at its base to the words in arrangement we see on a screen. Type, thus, is the scaffolding in which all interaction design first rises. The very shape of the web, in its layouts, grid systems, and patterns—and its various technologies—all exist in the service of type, at their root. They provide the tools with which we can breathe a form and different, digital life into that meaning.
In this class, students will learn intermediate and advanced methods in typography and layout as they concern interactive design. We will use web technologies as the lens to examine this subject—introducing the foundational, front-end languages of HTML (
Spring
#Our second semester will build on the type and layout foundations from the first, moving into interface design and interactive experiences on the web.
Interaction, interactive, interface, product, UI, UX designers—we are known by many names. These are all monikers for a digitally-native design practice. It is our responsibility, as practitioners in this increasingly consequential and broadening field, to both understand existing paradigms and help manifest, refine, and sustain purposeful new ones.
Contemporary digital design exists in the continuum of the ever-shifting, evolving, and ubiquitous web. Designers today work at many different scales and within many different systems. We act as mediators—not only for users, meaning, and experience—but with these systems themselves, as well. They shape our work and we shape them—at the meeting point, the
In this class, students will learn to give form to and then work at these intersections. We will again use web technologies as our lens for the subject, building on our foundations in HTML and CSS by incorporating JS (
Learning Outcomes
#Fall
#By the end of this semester, students will:
-
Demonstrate advanced knowledge of and be able to critically analyze type, form, and interactivity as it applies to screen-based media.
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Understand how to effectively deploy type hierarchy in layout and grid systems, in responsive, device-agnostic design.
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Effectively translate these designs into functional websites using HTML, CSS, and other web technologies.
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Design and prototype work while taking into account the ever-shifting, bespoke challenges of web design.
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Give, receive, and respond productively to feedback in critiques.
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Think critically and develop their own, distinct thoughts on the role of digital within the larger canon of design.
Spring
#By the end of this semester, students will:
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Thoroughly exercise and extend their typographic, design, and technical web skills developed in the first semester.
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Learn to use modular, templated HTML components with varied and dynamic external data sources.
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Understand the CMS (
Content Management System ) and API (Application Programming Interface ) as software archetypes. -
Be introduced to JavaScript and programming logic, the underlying concepts that make interactivity possible.
-
Gain an awareness of processes, methodologies, approaches, and systems in use in contemporary software development and on the web.
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Conceptualize a web project with an eye towards its complete implementation—balancing the tradeoffs between design, features, and practical build considerations or limitations.
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Develop an understanding of how they want to practice as a designer within the larger context of the discipline.
Course Outline
#The course is structured into thematic units, each bookended by readings on the subject and a project that will demonstrate the material:
Unit Nº 1: Type and the Web
#
Weeks 1–6
#We will focus on reviewing the core principles of typography, and introduce the web and its base technologies. Students will learn about HTML, semantic DOM, basic CSS, as well as type hierarchy and the use of custom typefaces for the web.
Readings
#-
The Principles of the New Typography
Jan Tschichold, 1928 -
The Crystal Goblet, or Printing Should Be Invisible
Beatrice Warde, 1932 -
Detail in Typography
Jost Hochuli, 1987 -
The Elements of Typographic Style
Robert Bringhurst, 1992 -
A Handmade Web
J.R. Carpenter, 2015
Project Nº 1: Manuscript
#
The unit ends with Project 1,
Students will choose a seminal design text from readings.design, read and respond to it, and typeset their selection and reply together as a web page. Other texts are also allowed on a case-by-case basis.
We’ll be looking for the quality of responses, appropriate type selection and hierarchy, semantic HTML, and basic CSS.
Unit Nº 2: There Is No Perfect Layout
#
Weeks 7–10
#Students will learn how to design and implement more complex, flexible layouts, while collaborating closely with a classmate. We’ll introduce responsive design, media query CSS, and advanced web type techniques.
Readings
#-
Investigations on Gestalt Principles
Max Wertheimer, 1923 -
Continuity and Change
Max Bill, 1953 -
Grid Systems in Graphic Design
Josef Müller-Brockmann, 1981 -
The Web’s Grain
Frank Chimero, 2015 -
The Diminishing Marginal Value of Aesthetics
Toby Shorin, 2017
Project Nº 2: Spread
#
This unit concludes with Project 2,
Students will work in pairs, with the texts they selected in
Here we’re looking for successful design and development collaboration, box-model layout design, and use of responsive media queries.
Unit Nº 3: Typography as Interface
#
Weeks 11–15
#In our final Fall unit, we will focus on creating advanced, multi-page layouts with grid systems, prototyping their flows, and exploring typography’s usage as interface elements for navigating a website.
Readings
#-
Design Interface: How Man and Machine Communicate
Gianni Barbacetto, 1987 -
A Software Design Manifesto
Mitchell Kapor, 1990 -
Typeface As Programme
Jürg Lehni, 2011 -
Interface Writing: Code for Humans
Nicole Fenton, 2014 -
My website is a shifting house next to a river of knowledge. What could yours be?
Laurel Schwulst, 2018
Project Nº 3: Binding
#
This unit, and the first semester, will culminate with Project 3,
Students will assemble a collection of texts from
We want to see effective multi-page design and navigation, advanced layouts (flexbox, grid), consistency across the pages and content, and polish/nuance.
Unit Nº 4: Interface as Interface
#
Weeks 16–21
#We will expand on our first-semester foundations in design, typography, HTML, and CSS—now incorporating images and other media while introducing JavaScript to enliven our work. Students will be introduced to a CMS and will work with an API.
Readings
#-
The Design of Everyday Things
Don Norman, 1988 (revised 2013) -
I Am a Handle
Rob Giampietro, 2012 -
Sometimes It Looks Like a Duck, Sometimes It Looks Like a Rabbit
Jack Balkin, Dan Michaelson, 2012 -
Laws of UX
Jon Yablonski, 2018 (ongoing ) -
Folk Interfaces
Maggie Appleton, 2022
Project Nº 4: Links
#
The unit ends with Project 4,
Students will collaboratively assemble, connect, and present a collection using Are.na as a platform/CMS—designing and building an interface to explore and understand it.
In addition to our previous project requirements, here we’ll be looking for the effective use of images/media, meaningful interactive interface functionality, and your use of JavaScript.
Unit Nº 5: If All You Have Is a Hammer, Everything Looks Like a Nail
#
Weeks 22–30
#To wrap up the semester (and course), we’ll round out our knowledge of the web’s intricacies—handling user input, managing state, constructing metadata. We will examine how our projects participate in and live elsewhere on the web, and outline real-world processes to make them come together.
Readings
#-
What Is Code?
Paul Ford, 2015 -
TikTok’s Enshittification
Cory Doctorow, 2023 -
ChatGPT Is a Blurry JPEG of the Web
Ted Chiang, 2023 -
The Age of Average
Alex Murrell, 2023 -
Why A.I. Isn’t Going to Make Art
Ted Chiang, 2024
-
Human Interface Guidelines
Apple, 1987 -
Macintosh Human Interface Guidelines
Apple, 1992 -
The Windows Interface Guidelines
Microsoft, 1995 -
Aqua Human Interface Guidelines
Apple, 2001 -
iPhone Human Interface Guidelines
Apple, 2008 -
Windows Phone 7 UI Design and Interaction Guide
Microsoft, 2010 -
Material Design 1
Google, 2014 -
iOS Human Interface Guidelines
Apple, 2014
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Material Design 3
Google, 2021 (ongoing ) -
Human Interface Guidelines
Apple, 2022 (ongoing ) -
Fluent 2 Design System
Microsoft, 2023 (ongoing )
Project Nº 5: Functions
#
This unit, and the course, will culminate with Project 5,
Students will identify a problem and conceptualize how to solve it on the web. They will plan, design, and implement a novel solution towards this problem—incorporating data and interaction with the tools, technologies, and techniques they’ve learned in this course.
We’ll first be looking for strong concepts—not limited to or by existing conventions—that push the grain of interaction design in new and interesting directions. And as the capstone for this course, we’re expecting the highest level of nuance and polish in the organizational, aesthetic, and technical aspects of these final projects.
Evaluation Criteria
#Engagement
#Students are expected to actively and passionately participate in this course. This means more than showing up and turning things in on time—which should be a given. Beyond that baseline students should be curious, prepared, thoughtful, vocal, and intentional throughout the course. They should make us understand why they are here, and demonstrate to us that they care about themselves, their work, and each other—and ultimately, about this chosen profession.
This engagement will be unavoidably reflected in the quality of students’ work—but we also evaluate this discretely based on their participation in and out of the classroom, with us and with their peers.
Reading Responses
#Each unit begins with a set of readings to introduce the subject. Students are expected to read the required selections and synthesize their thoughts in a written response, prior to the next class. We are not looking for summarization, here—these should be personal reflections on the subjects, and are evaluated with this lens. We will then discuss these readings as a group.
Quizzes, Exercises, Milestones
#Each unit will also have short quizzes on topic material, and specific, technical exercises and milestones that are assigned towards completion of the projects. Quizzes will occur in the class following new material; assignments are expected to be completed outside of class, before the next session. Some of these will be small; some of these will be large. They are
Projects
#The bulk of the work for this class takes the form of projects. They are intended as opportunities for students to demonstrate the knowledge and skills learned in class while developing their own practice, and are evaluated in this light.
There will be check-ins and reviews around each of these before the final due dates, when we will have critiques as a group. In addition to the quality of the project itself, students will be subject to an in-person code review and will also be assessed on the presentation of their work. More specific evaluation criteria will be delineated with each project’s introduction.
Grade Calculation
#Fall
#Engagement | 20% |
Reading Responses | 10% |
Quizzes, Exercises, Milestones | 10% |
Project Nº 1: |
10% |
Project Nº 2: |
20% |
Project Nº 3: |
30% |
Spring
#Engagement | 20% |
Reading Responses | 10% |
Quizzes, Exercises, Milestones | 10% |
Project Nº 4: |
20% |
Project Nº 5: |
40% |
Materials and Supplies
#In the open tradition of the early web, the only materials truly required are a computer, a browser, a text editor, and an internet connection. The specifics of these are open to the student’s individual preferences and practices. We will do our best to accommodate everyone and will make recommendations, when needed.
In class, we will demonstrate using Figma for visual design and sketching, Visual Studio Code for programming, and GitHub/GitHub Desktop for version control and project hosting. All of these products are available for free, or offer free education licenses with New School emails.
We will use the following tools to organize our class:
-
Course Site
For housekeeping, agendas, and lectures (you are here) -
Submission Form
For submitting your work/URLs -
Slack Channel
For direct and asynchronous communication (not email) -
Figma Team
For visual sketching, sharing -
GitHub Organization
For code examples, sharing -
Google Drive
For document collaboration, recorded lectures -
Zoom Room
For screen sharing and recording
Class Policies
#Our Community
#This agreement is intended to help us create and maintain a safe, empathetic, and productive space for our course. It is built on trust and accumulated experience across cohorts. It can be revised and modified, with all of our input, over the year:
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Classmates should use our preferred names and pronouns.
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We will have a short break, roughly halfway through the class.
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The class should feel comfortable asking the instructors anything—nothing is too trivial, or embarrassing, or off-topic. Tangents are good! Students can always ask us via Slack, if they would like to remain anonymous.
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When presenting, students will “have the floor” while they take us through their work. This means everyone else will be quiet, we’ll close our laptops/turn off our phones, and give our full attention to the person showing their work.
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Likewise for when the
instructors are presenting new material—no laptops, no phones. If students require either for assisting their learning, they must request approval beforehand. Our default setting should be “full attention, up front.” -
We will all engage meaningfully with presented work and try to give constructive feedback (no fluff).
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For Fall semester, we’re not going to use LLM agents/autocomplete (“artificial intelligence”), nor traditional copy/pasting, nor any other tools where we do not write our own code. We will talk through appropriate, allowed use of these technologies in the Spring.
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We will always attribute our work when referencing others, tools, or examples.
Inclusion
#Our intent is to respect and give forum to a range of perspectives and backgrounds, including culture, race, gender, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, disability, and age. In instances where we are personally not qualified to speak from a specific perspective, students are encouraged to explore this area themselves. And please let us know if there are ways that the course can better serve these goals.
Office Hours
#We will have limited availability outside of our class time, and won’t keep scheduled “office hours.” Students should not expect us to immediately solve specific design or technical problems, or have their progress be blocked by this. Their first resource should be themselves, then our course site and its materials, and then each other.
That said: if there are still questions—particularly logistical or content ones—students can message us on Slack, and we will respond when we can. But again this should never be a bottleneck; all of this works better when not done at the last minute.
Additional Technical Help
#For more specific technical instruction and questions, Parsons has dedicated CD-program tutors available to help students with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript—as well as offering general design critiques and feedback. They should be available midway through Fall semester, and usually have drop-in schedules. More info will be provided as available.
The University Learning Center also offers its own tutoring sessions; these are by-appointment.
As tutors are only available a limited number of hours per week, it is advisable to start early on your projects and seek help along the way—to avoid the usual end of project/semester rush for additional help.
Code Plagiarism
#Students may find code similar to our exercises or projects elsewhere online. But the copying or adapting of
If adapting, with attribution, students must explain the usage and demonstrate an understanding of how the code works. We will have in-person code reviews to facilitate and guage this understanding.
We have zero tolerance for any sort of plagiarism—which ranges from “verbatim copying” (copying-and-pasting) to “thorough paraphrasing” (changing names or rearranging) and “autocompleting” (with LLM-assisted editors). Students should also review the Academic Integrity Policy.
An example:
/* I wanted to treat large grids differently in my design! */
/* I found this tool: https://css-tip.com/quantity-queries/ */
/* The selector matches when the container has a sixth child. */
.container:has(> :nth-child(6)) {
background-color: gold;
}
LLMs and “Artificial Intelligence”
#Relatedly, there has been much discussion and developments in our field (and others) around
Here’s what we’re going to say about this: tools like the conspicuous ChatGPT, Cursor’s IDE, or GitHub Copilot are known to often generate wrong or unnecessarily verbose code. This, combined with the fact that their results are derived from copyrighted and/or legally questionable sources—usually without permission or attribution—means the use of these tools continues to be fraught, at best.
We think you first need to write code yourself to understand the medium. Copying/adapting from ChatGPT/Copilot is no different from anywhere else (see above) and is ultimately a disservice to your education. These are always to be treated like any other tools at our disposal—as
Recording Sessions
#We will take recordings of our sessions for students to reference later. As these will include the students and their work, the recordings will be stored on our Google Drive and made available only to New School email users.
Attendance, Grading, and Other Policies
#All CD classes adhere to the same common program and university policies.
Acknowledgments
#We’d like to thank Brendan Griffiths, Lynn Kiang, Andrew LeClair, and the extended MPS CD family for their support in the planning and running of this course. And thank you, for reading this far.